PREFACE(‘prefis-ïðåäèñëîâèå)
SSN
– sanspot namber –÷èñëî ñîëíå÷íûõ ïÿòåí
SIR
– stream interaction region – îáëàñòè âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ
ïîòîêîâ ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïîâ
CME –
coronal mass-ejection – êîðîíàëüíàÿ ìàññ-ýæåêöèÿ
ICME - interplanetary counterpart of coronal mass-ejection
– îòêëèê â ìåæïëàíåòíîé
ñðåäå íà êîðîíàëüíóþ ìàññ-ýæåêöèþ
IS –
interplanetary shock – ìåæïëàíåòíûå óäàðíûå âîëíû
F10.7
index – solar radio flux at a wave-length of 10.7 cm
at Earth orbit
HCS – heliospheric current
sheet – ãåëèîñôåðíûé òîêîâûé ñëîé
CR –
coronal region – êîðîíàëüíûå îáëàñòè
SEP –
solar energetic particles
IMF – ìåæïëàíåòíîå ìàãíèòíîå ïîëå
GLE – graund level enhancement -
ïîòîê ÑÊË íà ïîâåðõíîñòè Çåìëè
GCR – galactic cosmic ray
Slightly
(‘slaitli – íåìíîãî, ñëåãêà)
It’s delicious
[di’lishas]
-ýòî âîñõèòèòåëüíî
I want more - ÿ õî÷ó áîëüøå
I want less
– ÿ õî÷ó ìåíüøå
It’s fine
– ýòî ïðåêðàñíî
Thanks for
the food - ñïàñèáî çà åäó
May
I
help
you?
– ÿ ìîãó âàì ïîìî÷ü
Can
you
help
me?
– Âû ìîæåòå ìíå ïîìî÷ü
I’ll
help
you
– ÿ ïîìîãó òåáå
Yes? Please – äà, ïîæàëóéñòà
No? thank you – íåò, ñïàñèáî
Thanks
for your help – ñïàñèáî çà âàøó ïîìîùü
What are
you thinking about – ÷òî âû äóìàåòå?
Afternoon
–ïîñëå ïîëóäíÿ
Evening –âå÷åð
Night – íî÷ü
Early – ðàíî
Late - ïîçäíî
I arrived
early – ïðèáûë ðàíî
I
arrived
late
- ÿ ïðèáûë ïîçäíî
Date
- äàòà
I’m tired – ÿ
óñòàë
I’m sleepy – ÿ
ñîíëèâûé
I’m going to sleep – ÿ èäó ñïàòü
I
have
homework
– ó ìåíÿ åñòü äîìàøíÿÿ ðàáîòà
It’s
difficult – ýòî òðóäíî
Where’s the restroom? – ãäå òóàëåò?
Over
there – âîí òàì
Here – çäåñü
Come here
– èäèòå ñþäà
How many siblings[‘siblings]
do you have? – ñêîëüêî áðàòüåâ è ñåñòåð ó âàñ åñòü
I’m sorry
– ìíå î÷åíü æàëü
Have a
nice day! – õîðîøåãî äíÿ!
You
too
- Âû òîæå
How
do
you
say
in
English
– êàê âû ãîâîðèòå íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå
I understand -ß ïîíèìàþ
I don’t
understand – ÿ íå ïîíèìàþ
Do you
understand -Âû ïîíèìàåòå?
What’s
there
to
eat
– ÷òî òàì åñòü êóøàòü
What’s
there
to
drink-
÷òî òàì åñòü ïèòü
Today
– ñåãîäíÿ
Yesterday
-â÷åðà
Tomorrow
– çàâòðà
morning - Óòðî(7 – 11)
what did you do today? -
÷òî âû äåëàëè ñåãîäíÿ?
what did you do yesterday? - ÷òî âû äåëàëè â÷åðà?
what did you do this morning? - ÷òî âû äåëàëè ñåãîäíÿ
óòðîì?
How
beautiful! -Êàêàÿ êðàñîòà!
What are
you saying? – ÷òî òû ãîâîðèøü?
Did you
like it? -Òåáå ïîíðàâèëîñü?
I
like
it
– ìíå ýòî íðàâèòüñÿ
Do you
want some? - Õî÷åøü íåìíîãî?
I
think
so-
ß äóìàþ òàê
I
don’t think so- ß íå
äóìàþ, ÷òî òàê
Good idea
– Õîðîøàÿ èäåÿ
Where are
you from – Îòêóäà âû
I’m from – ÿ èç
I
need
help
– ìíå íóæíà ïîìîùü
Good job
– Îòëè÷íàÿ ðàáîòà
I need to
go - ìíå íàäî èäòè
What a
surprise- Êàêîé ñþðïðèç
I want to
go there – ß õî÷ó ïîéòè òóäà
It’s
a
pleasure
– Ñ óäîâîëüñòâèåì
Welcome
!– Äîáðî
ïîæàëîâàò !
Good luck !- ֏ !
Long time
no see – Äàâíî íå âèäåëèñü
Please speak more slowly- Ïîæàëóéñòà,
ãîâîðèòå ïîìåäëåííåå
Do
you
speak
English?
– Òû ãîâîðèøü ïî-àíãëèéñêè
Yes,
I
speak
English!
– Äà ÿ ãîâîðþ ïî-àíãëèéñêè!
Yes, a
little – Äà, íåìíîãî
Can you
write it down please?- Âû ìîæåòå çàïèñàòü ýòî , ïîæàëóéñòà?
How much
is it? – Ñêîëüêî ýòî ñòîèò?
Merry Christmas[‘krismas]– Ñ÷àñòëèâîãî Ðîæäåñòâà
Happy new year – Ñ íîâûì ãîäîì
Happy
Birthday
– Ñ äíåì ðîæäåíèÿ
What
happened?
– ×òî ñëó÷èëîñü?
Who
do
you
like?- Êòî òåáå íðàâèòñÿ?
Can
you
believe[bi’li:v ] it? – Òû ìîæåøü â ýòî ïîâåðèòü?
I
can’t believe it – ß íå ìîãó ïîâåðèòü â ýòî
It’s
a
beautiful
day
– Ïðåêðàñíûé äåíü
It’s
a
rainy
day
– Ýòî äîæäëèâûé äåíü
It’s sunny – Ñîëíå÷íî
It’s cloudy-Ýòî
îáëà÷íî
It’s snowing – Èäåò
ñíåã
It’s raining - Èäåò äîæäü
Please,
sit down – Ïîæàëóéñòà ñÿäüòå
Come in –
Âîéäèòå
Do you
want something to drink?- Âû
õîòèòå ÷åãî-íèáóäü âûïèòü?
Tractor (‘traekta - òðàêòîð)
tractor driver(‘draiva) – òðàêòîðèñò
lorry driver , truck driver – âîäèòåëü ãðóçîâèêà
The
wealth
(wýëñ – áîãàòîå, îãðîìíîå)
The road
was slightly[slaitli]
downhill. — Äîðîãà øëà ñëåãêà
ïîä óêëîí.
Let's begin! - íà÷íåì
Item [aɪtəm ] - âîïðîñ, ïóíêò
Let's look at item number one. — Ðàññìîòðèì ïåðâûé ïóíêò.
Agenda [əˈdʒɛndə ] - ïîâåñòêà äíÿ
The next
item on the agenda is — Ñëåäóþùèé ïóíêò ïîâåñòêè äíÿ
At
– ó, â, çà, íà.
He sat at
his table. — Îí ñèäåë çà
ñòîëîì
Where
does he live at? — Ãäå îí æèâåò?
To
clarify [klærɪfaɪ ] - ðàçúÿñíèòü
Could you
clarify[‘klarifai] that? — Âû íå ìîãëè áû ïîÿñíèòü?
To decide [dɪˈsaɪd
] - ðåøèòü
So, we've decided to… — Èòàê, ìû ðåøèëè…
come
at
- íàïàäàòü, íàáðàñûâàòüñÿ, äîáðàòüñÿ äî êîãî-ë.
ïîëó÷èòü äîñòóï ê ÷åìó-ë.,
äîáðàòüñÿ äî
÷åãî-ë.; íàéòè, ãíàòüñÿ çà êåì-ë., îáíàðóæèâàòü.
Just
let
me
come
at
him.
— Äàéòå ìíå òîëüêî äîáðàòüñÿ äî íåãî.
How did
you come at the information? — Êàê âû ýòî óçíàëè?
Put the
food where the cat can't come at it.
— Ïîëîæè åäó òóäà, ãäå åå íå äîñòàíåò
êîøêà.
I wanted
to reply to your letter in detail, but I can't come at
it anywhere.
— ß õîòåë äåòàëüíî îòâåòèòü íà âàøå ïèñüìî, íî íèãäå íå
ìîãó åãî íàéòè.
It is
always difficult to come at the truth. — Âñåãäà òðóäíî âûÿñíèòü ïðàâäó.
come
what
may
- áóäü, ÷òî áóäåò
come
down
[kʌm daʊn]
- ñïóñêàòüñÿ âíèç, ñâîäèòüñÿ
It all
comes down to this: — Âñå ñâîäèòñÿ ê ñëåäóþùåìó:
suggestion [səˈdʒɛstʃən]-
ïðåäëîæåíèå
Do you
have any suggestions? — Ó âàñ
åñòü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ?
Toggle
[‘togl]
– ïåðåêëþ÷àòåëü, òóìáëåð
layer
[‘leia-ñëîé, ïëàñò; ïðîñëîéêà; ïðîêëàäêà]
Chapman
layer - ñëîé D ( èîíîñôåðû
).
come
at
- äîáðàòüñÿ, ïîëó÷èòü äîñòóï, íàéòè.
come
away
- óõîäèòü
come
back
- âîçâðàùàòüñÿ
come
before
- ïðåäøåñòâîâàòü
come
by
- ïðîõîäèòü ìèìî
come
close-
ñáëèæàòüñÿ
come
first
-áûòü áîëåå âàæíûì
come
from
- ïðèõîäèòü îòêóäà-ë.
come in – âõîäèòü
come out - âûõîäèòü
come
up
- ïîäíèìàòüñÿ
come
down
[kʌm daʊn]
- ñïóñêàòüñÿ âíèç, ñâîäèòüñÿ
come
in
for
- ïðèõîäèòü çà ÷åì-ë.
come
for
- çàõîäèòü çà
come
round
- îáúåõàòü, îáîéòè êðóãîì
What
country do you come from? — Îòêóäà âû ïðèåõàëè?
come for - çàõîäèòü çà
I've come for my parcel[pa:sl].- ß ïðèøåë çà ñâîåé
ïîñûëêîé.
come
in for - ïðèõîäèòü çà ÷åì-ë.
come round - îáúåõàòü, îáîéòè êðóãîì
A day
before [bi’fo:] the launch of Telstar – çà äåíü äî çàïóñêà Telstar
the altitude [‘àëòèòþ:ä - âûñîòà]
Starfish high- nuclear (íþ:êëèà)
explosion (èêç’ïëîóæýí )
greatly (ãðýèòëè – î÷åíü, çíà÷èòåëüíî)
enhanced (èí’õà:íñýä - óâåëè÷èëî)
the trapped [òðàýïèä] (çàõâà÷åííûå)
electron
[i’lektron] fluxes,
thereby (çýàáàé –òåì ñàìûì, òàêèì îáðàçîì, îêîëî, â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì)
creating
[kri(:)eiting -ñîçäàâàÿ ]
an artificial
[ààòè’ôèø(à)ë - èñêóññòâåííûé]
radiation belt in the vicinity of [vi’siniti
– ïîáëèçîñòè, îêîëî ]
Telstar’s
orbit
[o:bit].
since
[sins- ñ òåõ ïîð, ñ ìîìåíòà]
their discovery [dis’kav(a)ri – îáíàðóæåíèå] by
ñ ìîìåíòà èõ îòêðûòèÿ
James Van Allen in 1958.
for the first time — â ïåðâûé ðàç
for (this) once[wans] — íà ýòîò ðàç
In this
introductory [,intra’dakt(å)ri- ââîäíîé]
article [a:tikl]- ñòàòüè
we briefly - áðèôëè (êîðîòêî, êðàòêî, ñæàòî)
scan [ñêåí -ðàññìîòðèì, èññëåäóåì ]
developments [di’velapmants- ñîáûòèÿ, ðàçâèòèå, ýâîëþöèþ]
in radiation belt
science (ñaéaíñ) since 1958,
both (áîóñ) with [óèç[ respect [ris’pekt] to (÷òî êàñàåòñÿ)
satellite [‘saetalait]
observations [obza(:)’veish(a)ns]
and theory [ñèîðè] and modeling [‘modling] .
layer
[‘leia-ñëîé, ïëàñò;
ïðîñëîéêà; ïðîêëàäêà]
Chapman
layer - ñëîé D ( èîíîñôåðû ).
We
then
(òîãäà, çàòåì, êðîìå òîãî, ê òîìó æå )
provide (pra’vaid) an overview (îóâåâþ)
of the articles (à:òèêàëñ) in this
book,
which mainly [ìýèíëè] derive [di’raiv]
from (âçÿòû èç) the 2011
Chapman Conference [Êîíôàðàíñ]
on Dynamics [dai’namiks]
of the Earth’s
Radiation Belts and Inner [ina] Magnetosphere.
In the
past [pa:st – â ïðîøëîì, ìèìî] decade (äýêýéä),
there has been (èìåëî ìåñòî) a resurgence (ðè’ñ¸äæàíñ - âîçðîæäåíèå)
in radiation belt (áåëò) studies [ó÷åíèå] in parallel (‘ïàýðàëýë)
with
the
rapid
[ðàýïèd-
áûñòðûé, ñêîðûé, êðóòîé (ñêëîí)]
development (äèâýëàïìàíò) of space (speis)
weather (âýçý) science (‘saians).
Monitor
[‘monita-èíñòðóêòîð, äîçèìåòð, ìîíèòîð]
The shop is on the right side of the hotel.
- Ìàãàçèí
íàõîäèòñÿ ñïðàâà îò îòåëÿ.
The shop
is on the right and the hotel is on the left.
– Ìàãàçèí íàõîäèòñÿ ñïðàâà è îòåëü ñëåâà.
Just
enough – ñòîëüêî ñêîëüêî
íàäî
Afraid (ýôðýéä – èñïóãàííûé, íàïóãàííûé)
Per
(︸) – ïî, íà, ïîñðåäñòâîì, ÷åðåç, ñîãëàñíî.
Available
[a’veilabl] – äîñòóïíûé,
èìåþùèéñÿ â íàëè÷èè.
In energy
from one to several [‘sevr(a)l]
tens of MeV per nucleon.
For the
available experimental data
– äëÿ èìåþùèõñÿ ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ äàííûõ.
Considerable [kan’sid(a)rabl ] – çíà÷èòåëüíî
Up to – äî ; can be up to -
ìîæåò áûòü äî;
Could [kud]
, can – ìîæåò; couldn’t - íå ìîæåò .
However [hau’eve] – îäíàêî;
the thing is – äåëî â òîì, ÷òî; relax – îñëàáëÿòü
goal [goul] – öåëü;
whence[wens] – îòêóäà;
think-äóìàòü; autset – íà÷àëî;
evolution – ðàçâèòèå;
event (i’vent)– ñîáûòèÿ; for
one [fo:wan] – íàïðèìåð;
foresee
[fo:si:]
– ïðåäâèäåòü;
ease
[i:z] – ïîêîé
, ñâîáîäà;
early
[¸¸li]
– ðàíî, ðàííèé;
in
early – â íà÷àëå;
earth[¸¸’Ñ] – Çåìëÿ;
in
effect [i’fekt ] – â äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè;
scene (si:n - ñöåíà)
genesis
[‘dæenisis ]–ïðîèñõîæäåíèå;
gist
[dçist] –cóùíîñòü;
because[bi’koz] –ïîòîìó, ÷òî;
tell me- ñêàæè ìíå;
do tell! -
(àìåð.) âîò òå íà!, íå
ìîæåò áûòü!
turn[t¸¸n] – ïîâîðà÷èâàòü;
want[wont] – õîòåòü;
That is
my dream – ýòî åñòü ìîÿ ìå÷òà;
He can
come tomorrow – îí ìîæåò ïðèéòè çàâòðà;
Do
it right now! – ñäåëàé ýòî ïðÿìî
ñåé÷àñ!;
I
want to buy some new
car – ß õî÷ó êóïèòü
êàêóþ-íèáóäü íîâóþ ìàøèíó;
Every
time when I meet them they don’t have enough time to
talk to me
– êàæäûé ðàç, êîãäà ÿ âñòðå÷àþ èõ
îíè íå èìåþò äîñòàòî÷íî âðåìåíè, ÷òîáû ïîãîâîðèòü ñî ìíîé;
I want to
know – ÿ õî÷ó çíàòü;
I will be
a pilot – ÿ áóäó ëåò÷èêîì;
He can go
– îí ìîæåò èäòè;
Widely
(âàéäëè-
øèðîêî, î÷åíü)
different (‘äèôð(å)íò) — î÷åíü ðàçíûå
played
(ïëýéä) a major (ìýéäæà) role (ðîóë ) - èãðàëè
âàæíóþ ðîëü
may
be understood - ìîæåò áûòü ïîíÿòíî
extensively
[iks’tensivli ] - â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñòåïåíè, ñèëüíî
The most
(ìîóñò ) extensively learned book I ever
[‘eva –
âñåãäà, âå÷íî, â ëþáîå âðåìÿ, êîãäà-ëèáî] saw.
— Íàèáîëåå
øèðîêî èçó÷àåìàÿ êíèãà èç òåõ, ÷òî ÿ êîãäà-ëèáî âèäåë.
Syn:
widely , largely [ëààäæëè – â çíà÷èòåëüíîé
ñòåïåíè, âåñüìà ];
to
a great extent – ýêñòåíñèâíî, ýêñòåíñèîíàëüíî,
øèðîêî, âî âñå
ñòîðîíû ( â ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîì îòíîøåíèè )
enhance
[in’haans] - óâåëè÷èâàòü,
óñèëèâàòü, óëó÷øàòü
Enhancements
[in’haansmants - óâåëè÷åíèå]
Syn: rise , increase
to the benefit — íà áëàãî
to be denied (di’naid -) the
benefits — íå ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâàìè
depletions-
äèïëèøíñ – óìåíüøåíèå
rapid
[raepid] (áûñòðûé, îñòðûé, êðóòîé î ñêëîíå)
such as [ òàêîé êàê ].
As far as
I know - Íàñêîëüêî ÿ çíàþ
Anything
with strong gravity attracts other things to it.
— Ëþáîå
òåëî ñ áîëüøîé ìàññîé ïðèòÿãèâàåò ê ñåáå äðóãèå.
Attract (a’traekt) – ïðèâëåêàòü, ïðèòÿãèâàòü.
In spite
(spait - íàçëî, íåñìîòðÿ) of her hostility (hos’tiliti- âðàæäåáíîñòü), she was attracted to him.
— Íåñìîòðÿ
íà ñâîþ âðàæäåáíîñòü, îíà íàõîäèëà åãî ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûì.
He shouted(shautid -êðè÷àòü)
to attract [a’trakt-ïðèâëèêàòü]
attention[âíèìàíèå].
- Îí
çàêðè÷àë, ÷òîáû îáðàòèòü íà ñåáÿ âíèìàíèå.
A crowd (kraud – òîëïà, êîìïàíèÿ ) was attracted to the scene of the accident.
— Òîëïà áûëà ïðèâëå÷åíà íà ìåñòî ïðîèñøåñòâèÿ.
In with
the wrong crowd — â ïëîõîé êîìïàíèè
crowd
in
on
– îêðóæàòü, íàõëûíóòü (
î âîñïîìèíàíèÿõ )
Don't all
crowd in on me, I will see your books one at a time.
— Íå
íàïàäàéòå âñå ñðàçó, ÿ ïðîãëÿæó âàøè òåòðàäè ïî î÷åðåäè (ïî îäíîìó).
Happy
memories crowded (ïåðåïîëíåííûé) in on me as I looked at the photographs.
— Òåïëûå
âîñïîìèíèÿ âñïëûëè â ìîåé ãîëîâå, êîãäà ÿ
ðàññìàòðèâàë ôîòîãðàôèè.
crowd out - âûòåñíÿòü, çàìåùàòü, çàìåíÿòü
We would
have liked to print your letter in the newspaper, but it was
crowded out by important news.
— Ìû õîòåëè íàïå÷àòàòü âàøå ïèñüìî, íî åãî ìåñòî çàíÿëè
ñðî÷íûå íîâîñòè.
It’s
delicious -ýòî âîñõèòèòåëüíî
I want more - ÿ õî÷ó áîëüøå
I want less – ÿ õî÷ó ìåíüøå
It’s
fine – ýòî ïðåêðàñíî
Thanks
for the food- ñïàñèáî çà åäó
May
I help you? – ÿ ìîãó âàì ïîìî÷ü
Can
you help me? – Âû ìîæåòå ìíå ïîìî÷ü
I’ll
help you – ÿ ïîìîãó òåáå
Yes? Please – äà, ïîæàëóéñòà
No? thank you – íåò, ñïàñèáî
Thanks
for your help – ñïàñèáî çà âàøó ïîìîùü
What are
you thinking about – ÷òî âû äóìàåòå?
I need help – ìíå íóæíà ïîìîùü
Good job
– Îòëè÷íàÿ ðàáîòà
I need to
go- ìíå íàäî èäòè
What a
surprise- Êàêîé ñþðïðèç
I want to
go there – ß õî÷ó ïîéòè òóäà
It’s
a pleasure – Ñ
óäîâîëüñòâèåì
Welcome !– Äîáðî ïîæàëîâàò !
Good luck !- ֏ !
Long time
no see – Äàâíî íå âèäåëèñü
Please speak more slowly- Ïîæàëóéñòà, ãîâîðèòå ïîìåäëåííåå
Do
you speak English? – Òû ãîâîðèøü
ïî-àíãëèéñêè
Yes,
I speak English! – Äà ÿ ãîâîðþ ïî-àíãëèéñêè!
Yes, a
little – Äà, íåìíîãî
enhancements (in’ha:nsmants - âîçðàñòàíèÿìè)
duration
(dju(a)’reish(a)n – ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü, äëèíà, äëèòåëüíîñòü)
southward
(â þæíîì íàïðàâëåíèè, ê þãó, íà þã, þæíûé)
interplanetary (inta:plaenit(a)ri)
little (‘litl – ìàëåíüêèé, ìàëî)
focused (‘faukasd - ñîñðåäàòî÷åíû) upon (íà)
orbit (‘o:bit)
subsequent (‘sabsikwant – ñëåäóþùèé, áîëåå ïîçäíèé),
source (so:s – èñòî÷íèê, ïðè÷èíà )
absent(‘aebs(a)nt
– îòñóòñòâóþùèé, íåñóùåñòâóþùèé )
fails (feil – íåóäà÷à, ïðîâàë)
clear (÷åòêóþ)
relationship (ri’leish(a)nship – ñâÿçü)
driven (‘driv(a)en – îáóñëîâëåíà)
kinetic (kai’netik) energy
Studies (èçó÷åíèå)
based (beist - îñíîâ)
the Solar (‘saula),
at
producing
(‘prodju:sing
- ïðîèçâîäÿùèé, ãåíåðèðóþùèé)
occur
(a’ka: - ñëó÷àòüñÿ,
ïðèõîäèòü íà óì)
throughout (thru(:)aut – ÷åðåç, ïî âñåìó ïðîñòðàíñòâó,
íà âñåì ïðîòÿæåíèè,
âî âñåõ îòíîøåíèÿõ,
âñå âðåìÿ)
the entire (in’taia
– ïîëíûé ñîâåðøåííûé, öåëûé, ñïëîøíîé)
outer
(‘auta-âíåøíèé)
zone (zaun-çîíà, ïîÿñ, ðàéîí)
required (ri’kwaiad – íåîáõîäèìûé,
îáÿçàòåëüíûé, òðåáóåìûé)
southward (‘sauthwad
- â þæíîì
íàïðàâëåíèè)
interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)
directionality (di’rekshanliti - íàïðàâëåííîå)
hurried
[‘harid
– áûñòðûé, ïîñïåøíûé, ñêîðûé, òîðîïëèâûé; Syn: quick ]
eruption [i’rapsh(a)n
- âûáðîñ, èçâåðæåíèå;]
perhaps
[pa’haeps
- ïýõýïñ], [praeps - ïðýïñ]- ìîæåò áûòü, âîçìîæíî,
íàâåðíî;
perhaps I'll come, perhaps not... — Ìîæåò áûòü, ÿ ïðèäó. Ìîæåò áûòü íåò.
investigation [investi’geish(a)n- èññëåäîâàíèé]
hem –îáîäîê, êðàé, êðîìêà.
both
with
respect
to….and …. – êàê
â îòíîøåíèè ….. òàê è……
which
mainly
[ìýèíëè] – êîòîðûå â
îñíîâíîì
derive [di’raiv] from -(âçÿòû èç)
there has been- (èìåëî ìåñòî)
a resurgence- (ðè’ñ¸äæàíñ - âîçðîæäåíèå)
which has just been –( òîëüêî ÷òî áûë)
launched (lo:ntched-çàïóùåí)
at the time (â ìîìåíò) of writing - íàïèñàíèÿ
promises
[ïðîìèñèñ- îáåùàíèå,
íàäåæäà]
prior
to
(praiatu-
ðàíüøå, ïðåæäå, äî)
even
(i’ven - äàæå)
has
since- ñ òåõ ïîð
Here
we recount[ri’kaunt –ðàññêàçûâàòü,
èçëàãàòü ïîäðîáíî; Syn: tell ]
heralded
[õýð(à)ëäèä] the birth
(á¸:ñ) - îçíàìåíîâàëà
ðîæäåíèå
vehicle
(âè:ýêë- òðàíñïîðòíîå ñðåäñòâî)
enhanced
(èí’õà:íñýä - óâåëè÷èëî)
the trapped [òðàýïèä] (çàõâà÷åííûå)
electron
[i’lektron] fluxes,
thereby (çýàáàé –òåì ñàìûì, òàêèì îáðàçîì, îêîëî, â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì)
creating [kri(:)eiting
-ñîçäàâàÿ ]
in the vicinity of [vi’siniti
– ïîáëèçîñòè, îêîëî ]
further
[ô¸çà – â äàëüíåéøåì]
enhanced [in’haansd- óâåëè÷èâàòü,
óñèëèâàòü]
via
[vaia- ÷åðåç, ñêâîçü, ñ ïîìîùüþ]
particle [‘pa:tikl]
precipitation [prisipi’teish(a)n] – ðåçêîå ïàäåíèå, óñêîðåíèå
Syn:
hurling – õ¸ëèíã (ðåçêîå èçìåíåííèå)
hurl
together- ñîåäèíÿòüñÿ
âìåñòå
hurl
[ha:l-áðîñàòü] out - âûãîíÿòü, èñêëþ÷àòü
hurl
into - áðîñàòü êóäà-ë.
Hurl[ha:l- áðîñàòü] down - ñáðàñûâàòü âíèç
hurl
away – óïóñêàòü
hurl
back – îòáðîñèòü ( âðàãà ), îòáèòü îòáèòüñÿ ( îò îáâèíåíèé, íàïàäîê è ò. ï. )
were
(âåà ) able-
ñìîãëè
has
since been- ñ òåõ ïîð
You
may be right.
— Òû ìîæåøü áûòü ïðàâ.
in order [o:da]
to
(äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû)
create [kri(:)’eit]
artificial (a:ti’fish(a)l -èñêóññòâåííûé)
radiation belts.
purpose [‘pa:pas-öåëü, çàìûñåë]
also
contributed
[kan’tribju(:)tid
]- òàêæå ñïîñîáñòâîâàëî
thus
(çàñ – òàê, òàêèì îáðàçîì)
beneath
- âíèçó; íèæå
most
[maust
- íàèáîëüøèé]
of the outer [auta - âíåøíèé]
nor
[no:
- òîæå… íå]
confirmed
(êîíô¸ìä- ïîäòâåðæäàòü,
îäîáðÿòü )
Subsequently
[‘sabsikwantli] - Âïîñëåäñòâèè
soon became the preferred (ïðèô¸ðèä – ïðåäïî÷èòàòü)
enhancements [in’haansmants - óâåëè÷åíèå]
and depletions- [äèïëèøíñ – óìåíüøåíèå]
rapid
[raepid
]- áûñòðûé îñòðûé
such
as
-òàêîé êàê
It seems
impossible that I could have walked by and not noticed (‘nautisd)
her.
— Êàæåòñÿ íåâåðîÿòíûì, ÷òî ÿ ìîã ïðîéòè ìèìî è íå çàìåòèòü
åå.
come into notice- ïðèâëå÷ü âíèìàíèå
come to notice- ñòàòü èçâåñòíûì
take
no notice of- íå îáðàùàòü âíèìàíèÿ íà
to
escape(áåãñòâî) notice - ñêðûòüñÿ èç âèäó
to your notice- íà âàøå óñìîòðåíèå
to attract notice - ïðèâëåêàòü âíèìàíèå
there has been (èìåëî ìåñòî)
at the time- â ìîìåí
has
since - ñ òåõ ïîð
blast
off – ñòàðòîâàòü
identically (ai’dentik(a)li -îäèíàêîâî)
equipped (I’kwipd - îñíàùåííûé)
state-of-the-art instrumentation (‘steitafçi’a:t instrumen’teish(a)n
– ñîâðåìåííîé èçìåðèòåëüíîé àïïàðàòóðîé)
The
road
was
slightly
downhill.
— Äîðîãà øëà ñëåãêà ïîä óêëîí.
The road
was slightly uphill. — Äîðîãà øëà ñëåãêà ââåðõ.
Slightly
(‘slaitli
– íåìíîãî, ñëåãêà)
Against
– ïðÿìî íàïðîòèâ
wealth
(óýëñ – áîãàòîå, îãðîìíîå)
expected
(iks’pekt –íàäåÿòüñÿ,
îæèäàåòñÿ)
insight
(‘insait – ïîíèìàíèå)
evolve(I’volv –ðàçâèâàòü,
ýâîëþöèîíèðîâàòü)
in time and space.
refining
(ri’faining – óëó÷øåíèå,
î÷èñòêà, ïåðåãîíêà, äåòàëèçàöèÿ)
significantly (sig’nificantli - çíà÷èòåëüíî)
primarily (‘praim(a)rili – ñíà÷àëà, â îñíîâíîì)
initiated
(I’nishiitid
– íà÷èíàþùèé, ïîëîæèòü íà÷àëî)
characterized (‘kaeriktaraiz - õàðàêòåðèçîâàòü)
including (in’klu:ding - âêëþ÷àÿ)
unprecedented (un’presid(a)ntid - áåñïðåöåäåíòíûé)
observation (obza(:)’veish(a)n - íàáëþäåíèå)
immediately (I’mi:djatli - íåìåäëåííî)
preceding (pri(:)’si:ding
– ïðåäøåñòâóþùèé, óïîìÿíóòûé)
another (à’íàçå- äðóãîé )
immediately (I’mi:djatli - íåìåäëåííî)
subsequent
(‘sabsikwant
– ñëåäóþùèé, áîëåå ïîçäíèé)
distinct
(dis’tingkt
– ðàçëè÷íûå, îòäåëüíûé, âåðîÿòíûé)
the ultimate (‘altimit –çàâåðøàþùèé,
îêîí÷àòåëüíûé, ìàêñèìàëüíûé, îñíîâíîé)
acceleration (aksela’reish(a)n)
highly (‘haili
– âûñîêî, ñèëüíî, î÷åíü, ïðîäóìàííî)
source (so:s – èñòî÷íèê, ïðè÷èíà )
growth (grauth - ðàçâèòèå, ðîñò)
We then
provide (pra’vaid) an overview (îóâåâþ)
of the articles (à:òèêàëñ) in this book
which mainly [ìýèíëè] derive [di’raiv] from (âçÿòû èç)
rapid
[ðaýïèd- áûñòðûé,
ñêîðûé, êðóòîé (ñêëîí)]
rapid pulse [pals ] — ó÷àùåííûé
ïóëüñ
rapid growth — áûñòðûé
ðîñò
rapid steps — áûñòðûå
øàãè
depletions-
äè’ïëèøíñ – óìåíüøåíèå,
èñòîùåíèå ( çàïàñîâ, ôèíàíñîâûõ ðåñóðñîâ)
rapid
[raepid]- (áûñòðûé, îñòðûé, êðóòîé î ñêëîíå)
such as - òàêîé êàê.
exhaustion
[ig’zo:stsh(a)n-èãçîîñ÷åí] -
èçíåìîæåíèå, èñòîùåíèå,
âûòÿãèâàíèå,
âûñàñûâàíèå; âûïóñê, ðàñõîäîâàíèå, îïóñòîøåíèå, òðàòà.
weariness
[‘wiarinis] - óñòàëîñòü.
breakdown
[‘breikdaun ] –àíàëèç,
ðàçáîðêà(íà ÷àñòè), ðàñïðåäåëåíèå, ïðîáîé,ñõåìà
îðãàíèçàöèè, ïîëíûé óïàäîê ñèë, çäîðîâüÿ,
ðàñïàä; ðàçâàë; ïîëîìêà ìåõàíèçìà, ìàøèíû; àâàðèÿ.
— àâàðèéíàÿ êîìàíäà;
Nervous(í¸âåñ) breakdown — íåðâíîå ðàññòðîéñòâî, ïîðàæåíèå íåðâíîé ñèñòåìû.
since
[sins- ñ òåõ ïîð, ñ
ìîìåíòà]
their discovery [dis’kav(a)ri – îáíàðóæåíèå]
by ñ ìîìåíòà èõ îòêðûòèÿ
James Van Allen in 1958.
for the first time — â ïåðâûé ðàç
for
(this)
once
— íà ýòîò ðàç
to
hold (hauld - çàõâàò, óäåðæàíèå, ðóêîÿòêà, ðó÷êà)
admiration
(ýäìàðýèøàí – âîñòîðã,
âîñõèùåíèå) ,
regard
(ri’gaad – âíèìàíèå,
ðàññìîòðåíèå, çàáîòà )
veneration
(âýíàðýèøàí – ïîêëîíåíèå,
ïî÷èòàíèå , óâàæåíèå)
contempt
[kan’tempt - ïðåçðåíèå ]
We
then (òîãäà, çàòåì, êðîìå òîãî, ê òîìó æå )
provide (pra’vaid)
an overview (îóâåâþ)
of the articles (à:òèêàëñ)
in this book, which mainly [ìýèíëè- â îñíîâíîì]
derive [di’raiv] from (âçÿòû èç)
the 2011 Chapman
Conference [Êîíôàðàíñ]
on Dynamics [dai’namiks]
of the Earth’s Radiation Belts and
Inner [ina] Magnetosphere.
rapid [ðaýïèd]- áûñòðûé, ñêîðûé,
rapid pulse [pals] — ó÷àùåííûé ïóëüñ
rapid growth (ãðîóñ) — áûñòðûé ðîñò
rapid
- êðóòîé (ñêëîí)]
steps — áûñòðûå øàãè
step(ñòýð) – øàã, ïîõîäêà, çâóê øàãîâ,
ñëåä(íîãè),
îòïå÷àòîê
footprint
[‘futprint]-
îòïå÷àòîê
there has been (èìåëî ìåñòî)
a resurgence (ðè’ñ¸äæàíñ - âîçðîæäåíèå)
Monitor
[‘monita-èíñòðóêòîð, äîçèìåòð, ìîíèòîð]
NASA’s Radiation Belt [belt]
Storm
[Sto:m] Probes [ïðîóáåñ] (RBSP)
mission [ìèøàí],
which has just been –( òîëüêî ÷òî áûë)
launched (lo:ntched) - çàïóùåí
at the
time (â ìîìåíò)
of
writing [ðàéòèíã - íàïèñàíèå ],
promises
[ïðîìèñèñ- îáåùàíèå,
íàäåæäà]
to provide (pra’vaid) îáåñïå÷èòü
unprecedented (àíïðýñèä(à)íòèä)
measurements (‘ìýæàìàíòñ)
of the particles (pa:tikls), electric
(i’lektrik)
and magnetic (ìàã’íåòèê) fields [fi:lds],
and plasma [ðëýçìà ] waves [weivs] in the
Earth’s
radiation [reidi’eishn] belts.
This
volume (âîëüþì) - îáúåì
account (a’kaunt- ðàññìîòðåíèå, ðàñ÷åò)
a momentous (ìîó’ìýíòîñ) âàæíîíûì
event (i’vent) (ñîáûòèåì)
in space [speis] physics [fiziks].
The
intense [in’tens] - èíòåíñèâíîñòü
Radiation
-ðàäèàöèîííîé
environment [in’vaiar(a)nmant] - îáñòàíîâêè
around [a’raund] the Earth (¸ç) – âðêðóã Çåìëè
has
since
– ñ òåõ ïîð
attracted (ý’òðàñòåä)
- ïðèâëåêàåò
much scientific [saian’tifik]- áîëüøîé íàó÷íûé
interest [‘intrist] – èíòåðåñ
Here we recount[ri’kaunt – ðàññêàçûâàòü, èçëàãàòü ïîäðîáíî; Syn: tell ]
some [sam] important [im’po:t(a)nt] – íåêîòîðûå âàæíûå
developments [ di’velapmants – ðåçóëüòàòû ðàçâèòèÿ ]
in radiation [reidi’eish(a)n] belt – â ðàäèàöèîííîì ïîÿñå
research [ri’sa:÷] – èññëåäîâàíèé
a selection [si’leksh(a)n ] of which - âûáîð èç êîòîðûõ
we include [in’klud] in Table 1. -
ìû âêëþ÷àåì â òàáëèöå 1.
The
late
- ïîçäíåå
heralded
[õýð(à)ëäèä] the birth (á¸:ñ)
- îçíàìåíîâàëà ðîæäåíèå
of the space age (ýéäæ) - êîñìè÷åñêîé ýðû
to circle (ñ¸êë) the earth — îáëåòàòü Çåìëþ
to orbit the earth — âûõîäèòü íà îðáèòó
The earth
rotates [rou’teits -âðàøàåòñÿ ]
- Çåìëÿ âðàùàåòñÿ
on its axis [‘aeksis] — âîêðóã ñâîåé îñè.
commercial [êà’츸øàë]
- êîìåð÷åñêèé
telecommunications [‘òåëèêàìþ:íè’êåéøåíñ]
satellite
(ñàýòàëàéò –
èñêóññòâåííûé ñïóòíèê)
carried
[‘êåðèä - âåñòè, íåñòè]
a set of solid-state – ïîëóïðîâîäíèêîâûé
detectors (äè’òåêòàñ)
environment [ in’vaiar(a)nmant- îêðóæàþùàÿ
ñðåäà, îáñòàíîâêà]
that
the
vehicle
(âè:ýêë- òðàíñïîðòíîå
ñðåäñòâî)
would
encounter
(èí’êàóíòý- ñëó÷àéíàÿ âòðå÷à, ïåðâûé îïûò, ñòîëêíîâåíèå).
A day
before [bi’fo:] the launch - çà äåíü äî çàïóñêà
altitude
[‘àëòèòþ:ä - âûñîòà]
nuclear
(íþ:êëèà)
- ÿäåðíûé
explosion
(èêç’ïëîóæýí
) - âçðûâ
greatly
(ãðýèòëè
– î÷åíü, çíà÷èòåëüíî)
enhanced
(èí’õà:íñýä
- óâåëè÷èëî)
the trapped
[òðàýïèä] (çàõâà÷åííûå)
electron [i’lektron] fluxes – ýëåêòðîííûé ïîòîê
thereby (çýàáàé – òåì ñàìûì, òàêèì îáðàçîì, îêîëî, â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì)
creating [kri(:)eiting -ñîçäàâàÿ ]
an artificial [ààòè’ôèø(à)ë - èñêóññòâåííûé]
radiation belt in
the vicinity of [vi’siniti – ïîáëèçîñòè, îêîëî ]
Telstar’s orbit [o:bit].